A systematic survey of LU domain-containing proteins reveals a novel human gene, LY6A, which encodes the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 and is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors / 医学前沿

The Ly-6 and uPAR (LU) domain-containing proteins represent a large family of cell-surface markers. In particular, mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 is a widely used marker for various stem cells; however, its human ortholog is missing. In this study, based on a systematic survey and comparative genomic study of mouse and human LU domain-containing proteins, we identified a previously unannotated human gene encoding the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. This gene, hereby named LY6A, reversely overlaps with a lncRNA gene in the majority of exonic sequences. We found that LY6A is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors, but not in normal pituitary tissues, and may contribute to tumorigenesis. Similar to mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1, human LY6A is also upregulated by interferon, suggesting a conserved transcriptional regulatory mechanism between humans and mice. We cloned the full-length LY6A cDNA, whose encoded protein sequence, domain architecture, and exon-intron structures are all well conserved with mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. Ectopic expression of the LY6A protein in cells demonstrates that it acts the same as mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 in their processing and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring to the cell membrane. Collectively, these studies unveil a novel human gene encoding a candidate biomarker and provide an interesting model gene for studying gene regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms.

Clinical significance of CD34 / 医学前沿

t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy with a high relapse rate in China. Two leukemic myeloblast populations (CD34

Emerging molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 医学前沿

B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is characterized by genetic alterations with high heterogeneity. Precise subtypes with distinct genomic and/or gene expression patterns have been recently revealed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Most of these profiles are associated with recurrent non-overlapping rearrangements or hotspot point mutations that are analogous to the established subtypes, such as DUX4 rearrangements, MEF2D rearrangements, ZNF384/ZNF362 rearrangements, NUTM1 rearrangements, BCL2/MYC and/or BCL6 rearrangements, ETV6-RUNX1-like gene expression, PAX5alt (diverse PAX5 alterations, including rearrangements, intragenic amplifications, or mutations), and hotspot mutations PAX5 (p.Pro80Arg) with biallelic PAX5 alterations, IKZF1 (p.Asn159Tyr), and ZEB2 (p.His1038Arg). These molecular subtypes could be classified by gene expression patterns with RNA-seq technology. Refined molecular classification greatly improved the treatment strategy. Multiagent therapy regimens, including target inhibitors (e.g., imatinib), immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, are transforming the clinical practice from chemotherapy drugs to personalized medicine in the field of risk-directed disease management. We provide an update on our knowledge of emerging molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets in BCP-ALL.

Introduction of Experience of Professor ZHANG Liang-ying's TCM Adjunctive Therapy for IVF-ET / 中国中医药信息杂志

Professor ZHANG Liang-ying in Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine conducted TCM adjuvant therapy for in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (IVF-ET) of infertility patients, which has obtained satisfactory results. The use of kidney-based, disease differentiation combined with the treatment, emphasizing preoperative conditioning, psychological adjustment, and appropriate choice, can help improve the IVF-ET pregnancy rate and complications of many problems.

Discussion on Experience of ZHANG Liang-ying in Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ;Combined with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding / 中国中医药信息杂志

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) are common gynecologic endocrine diseases, and their etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment are related but also distinguishing. Some patients have PCOS and DUB at the same time, which is difficult to cure. Professor ZHANG Liang-ying has treated these patients with staging treatment based on syndrome differenciation, and has received desiable efficacy.

Bioinformatics of tumor molecular targets from big data / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The big data from high throughput research disclosed 4V features: volume of data, variety of data, value for deep mining, and velocity of processing speed. Regarding the whole genome sequencing for human sample, at average 30x of coverage, a total of 100 GB of original data (compression FASTQ format) could be produced. Replying to the binary BAM format, a total of 150 GB data could be produced. In the analysis of high throughput data, we need to combine both clinical information and pathological features. In addition, the data sources of medical research involved in ethical and privacy of patients. At present, the costs are gradually cheaper. For example, a whole genome sequencing by Illumina X Ten with 30x coverage costs about 10,000 RMB, and RNA-seq costs 5000 RMB for a single sample. Therefore, cancer genome research provides opportunities for discovery of molecular targets, but also brings enormous challenges on the data integration and utilization. This article introduces methodologies for high throughput data analysis and processing, and explains possible application on molecular target discovery.

Organ allografts combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunotolerance / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Our understanding of the immunological mechanisms of rejection has greatly improved over the past 10 years. The allografts have maintained long survival without immunosuppressive treatment in the several organ-transplant recipients combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The authors attributed the successful outcome to the cotransplantation of donor stem cells. The review will analyze firstly conditions of the recipients, and then review the theoretical basis and history regarding donor-specific tolerance of allograft, and it will also clarify that there is no direct link between the donor-specific transplantation tolerance and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Effect of Therapy of Tonifying Kidney and Replenishing Essence on Protein Expression Profile in Testes of Aged Rats / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effects of therapy of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence on protein expression profile in testes of aged rats.Methods Twenty male SD rats with 22 months old were equally randomized into the blank control group and the treatment group.The treatment group received gastric gavage of herbs at the dose of 0.05g?kg-1.d-1,which has the actions of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence.The treatment lasted 60 days.After treatment,the right testes were taken out from the rats,and the differentially expressed proteins in the rats testes of two groups were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Results Compared with the model group,obvious changes were found in 7 kinds of differentially expressed proteins in rats testes of the treatment group,of which 4 kinds were up-regulated and 3 down-regulated.After digestion and identification by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrum,5 kinds from the 7 kinds of proteins were identified as phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein(PEBP),heat shock 70 kDa protein 8,triose-phosphate isomerase,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),and glutathione S-transferase Mu 1(GSTM1-1).Conclusion The anti-aging mechanism of therapy of tonifying kidney and replenishing essence is probably related with the regulation of testis protein expression in aged rats.

Research on improving the surgery skills of the interns of clinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To research the value of using constant circling individual training program to improve surgery clinical skills of clinical medical specialty interns.Method 42 interns were divided into 3 groups:A(excellent),B(medium) and C(poor) according to their scores in entrance clinical skill test and each group would perform respective training program including conventional training,unified intensive training and intensive training in person.Their performance would be scored six times during the whole process of training.Results Compared with the final scores with beginning scores,the number of students scored A increased significantly meanwhile the number of students scored C decreased obviously.Conclusion The constant circling individual training program combined with effective unified test can benefit improving the surgery clinical skills of the interns of clinical medicine.